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|AKA = ''Siedlce Ghetto'' |Location = Siedlce, German-occupied Poland |Date = June 1941 – |Incident type = Imprisonment, starvation, mass shootings, deportations |Perpetrators = |Participants = |Organizations = Nazi SS |Victims = 12,000–17,000 Polish Jews |Survivors = |Witnesses = |Documentation = |Memorials = The Jewish cemetery in Siedlce |Notes = }} The Siedlce Ghetto ((ポーランド語:Getto w Siedlcach)), was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi Germany in the city of Siedlce in occupied Poland, east of Warsaw. The ghetto was closed from the outside in early October 1941. Some 12,000 Polish Jews were imprisoned there for the purpose of persecution and exploitation.〔 Beginning 22 August 1942 during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in occupied Poland, around 10,000 Jews were rounded up – men, women and children – marched to the ''Umschlagplatz'', and deported to Treblinka extermination camp aboard Holocaust trains.〔 Thousands of Jews were brought in from the ghettos in other cities and towns. In total, at least 17,000 Jews were annihilated in the process of ghetto liquidation.〔 Hundreds of Jews were shot on the spot during the house-to-house searches, along with staff and patients of the Jewish hospital. Over 1,500 persons were temporarily spared death in order to continue supplying slave labour for the five camps set up locally. They were deported to Treblinka from the so-called "little ghetto" before the end of the year.〔 Conditions in the ghettos were appalling. Epidemics of typhus and scarlet fever raged. Only a few hundred Jews survived in hiding until the German withdrawal from Siedlce.〔 ==History== Prior to the invasion of Poland, Jews constituted around 50 percent of the town's population of 30,000 inhabitants.〔 The German ''Panzer Division Kempf'' rolled into Siedlce on 12 September 1939 after a fierce battle along the Bug River with the Polish Modlin Army which surrendered soon afterwards.〔 Siedlce was strafed and bombed several times by the Luftwaffe. One month later, the persecution of Jews by the new German administration began with the arrest of 50 most prominent individuals. At the end of November, the creation of the Jewish ''Judenrat'' Council was ordered. Among its 25 members were were Icchak (Itzak) Nachum Weintraub (chairman; former head of the Jewish hospital), Hersz Eisenberg (vice-chairman), and Hersz Tenenbaum (secretary, liaison with the Gestapo).〔Edward Kopówka (translated from the Polish by Dobrochna Fire), ''The Jews in Siedlce 1850–1945''. Chapter 2: ( The Extermination of Siedlce Jews. ) ''The Holocaust'', pp. 137–167. Yizkor Book Project. ''Note:'' the testimonials from young children beyond their level of competence, such as G. Niewiadomski's (age 13) and similar others, quoted by the author from H. Grynberg (), are intentionally omitted for the sake of reliability. Retrieved via Internet Archive on 30 October 2015.〕 On Christmas Eve the Nazis set fire to the synagogue and burned it to the ground, notably with Jewish refugees inside.〔Edward Kopówka with English translation by L. Biedka (2007), ( Siedlce Ghetto. ) H.E.A.R.T, Holocaust Research Project.org. Retrieved 30 October 2015.〕 Over a thousand Jews expelled from Kalisz were deported to Siedlce in 1940,〔 along with their compatriots from Łódź and Pabianice annexed to the Reich.〔Jewish Virtual Library, ( Siedlce, Poland. ) Virtual Jewish World. Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica; Sefer Yizkor li-Kehillat, Siedlce li-Shenat Arba Esreh le-Ḥurbanah (Yid., 1956). Retrieved 30 October 2015.〕 In order to strike terror in overcrowded neighbourhoods, the German police organized a 3-day shooting action in March 1941. The formal creation of the ghetto in Siedlce was pronounced on 2 August 1941. The smaller number of non-Jewish Poles living in designated areas were ordered to move out before 8:00 p.m. on 6 August. The Jewish families (over half of the city's population) were given two weeks to relocate there. The ghetto zone consisted of several small city blocks and over a dozen walkable streets in city centre north of the Old Square, with only three gates leading out.〔Edward Kopówka, (Appendix 5. Map of the Ghetto in Siedlce. ) ''The Jews in Siedlce 1850–1945'', pp. 175–226. Yizkor Book Project. Retrieved 30 October 2015.〕 It was closed off by a barbed wire fence, and cut off from the outside world on 1 October 1941 with Nazi patrols at the gates.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siedlce Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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